1. 1
   Know that you must be between 5 feet 4 inches and 6 feet 4 inches tall to be a pilot and between 4 feet 10 1/2 inches and 6 feet 4 inches to be a mission specialist. You also need to be in top physical condition and have great stamina.
   
2. 2
   Maintain an excellent academic record in your undergraduate and graduate studies. Many astronauts have doctoral degrees.
   
3. 3
   Choose a scientific field for your bachelor's degree that you can use if you become an astronaut. Possibilities include medicine, biology, chemistry, physics, aerospace engineering and mathematics.
   
4. 4
   Make certain you have at least 3 years of work experience in your field before applying as a mission specialist. An acceptable substitution might be a 2-year graduate degree with 1 year of experience.
   
5. 5
   Have at least 1,000 hours of pilot-in-command time in jet aircraft, preferably with flight-test experience, if you wish to be a mission pilot.
   
6. 6
   Send for an application package (see Tips for the address). You'll have to pass the strict NASA physical as a basic qualification.
   
7. 7
   Realize that if you're accepted as an astronaut candidate, you're committing yourself to a training period of 1 to 2 years in Houston without a guarantee that you'll ever go into space. Training will be intense and often in low-gravity conditions. It will include land and sea survival training and scuba diving.
   
8. 8
   Prepare to remain with NASA for at least 5 years if you pass the training period and are accepted as an astronaut.
   

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How to open a successful restaurant

Whether it is a full-size buffet restaurant in the busiest section of town or an intimate bistro by the lake, new restauranteurs hope that their establishment will attract and hold a solid base of repeat customers. Many restaurants do in fact thrive, while others find themselves struggling to keep their doors open a year after their debut.

What qualities do all successful restaurants have in common that keep them thriving while others close up around them? Here are five considerations when opening a new restaurant in your area.

1. Location, location, location. Not just limited to real estate, this maxim applies to restaurants as well. You may have the best food, the best staff and the best prices, but if you are not located in a convenient area for potential customers, you will be out of business in a year. A new restauranteur's first instinct may be to lease the abandoned property of a former restaurant. This may work, if the traffic is heavy and the location is acceptable, but will work against you if the former restaurant went out of business for lack of customers. Research the history of any property you are considering for your new restaurant. You are not necessarily limited to buildings designed specifically for restaurant use. If the building codes allow it, consider putting in a restaurant near the court system or other high-traffic areas. You may have to do some heavy renovations at first, but the client base should make up for the initial investment. New restaurants stand a better chance of survival if you go to where the people are, instead of waiting for the people to come to you.

2. Advertise like you have never advertised before. A new restaurant is usually a highly-anticipated event in many smaller cities. Heighten this anticipation by promoting the restaurant even while you're still working on construction. Make sure you hang a banner announcing the arrival of a new and exciting restaurant. Generate positive word of mouth advertising through radio spots and print media. By the time you are ready to open the doors, you should have a crowd of hungry customers waiting. Restaurants typically enjoy a 'honeymoon' period where business is booming and new customers are pouring in. What you want to do is keep enough of those customers coming back for more. Within reason, promote your best dishes with 'two for one' deals or other heavy discounts. You want this first wave of customers to recommend your food to others who take a more conservative approach to choosing a restaurant. They will be your customer base once the honeymoon is over.

3. Never price yourself out of existence. Pricing your food can be a challenging process from start to finish. You must take into account any number of fixed or variable costs, including actual cost of the food, salaries, and advertising. You'll want to adjust for a healthy but reasonable profit on each dish, while keeping the prices low enough for the customer. This is a delicate balancing act to pull off, but you must remain proactive during the first few months after opening. If the customers seem to be avoiding your higher-ticket items altogether, you may have to lower prices in response. If your customers seem to be ordering one or two items in mass quantities, you may have priced them too low.

Get a feel for the going rate on certain standard items and charge accordingly. You'll still be closing your doors in a year if you continue to sell food at a loss, despite the number of customers who are taking advantage of your generosity.

4. Seek out and keep quality employees. From kitchen managers to dishwashers, maintain the best staff you can afford. Customers react much more positively if the staff is friendly and professional. In fact, customers can often sense tension among the staff even before management does, so it pays to keep interdepartmental relations cordial and professional. Any restaurant that runs continuous classified ads for new employees becomes suspect in a potential customer's mind. Whatever the current wage for restaurant employees happens to be, be willing to pay it. If customers seem to prefer a certain cook or an especially good hostess, do everything you can to keep them happy and satisfied with their jobs. Disgruntled employees will lead the way when it comes to negative word of mouth, so make every effort to retain key employees early.

5. Find the right theme and stick with it. You certainly don't want to open the fifth Mexican restaurant on the block or the twelth Italian bistro. You'll want to find a theme for your restaurant that is exciting and innovating, or at least different than the competition. Basically, a good restaurant environment seduces the customer into ordering higher-ticket specialty foods and also encourages return visits. But you must keep 'gimmicks' to a minimum if you want long-term success. Decorate the walls with theme-related items, such as antiques or movie posters. Select uniforms that match the theme and decor of the restaurant. Background music is essential, and offers you a chance to emphasize the theme even more. Find your strongest connection to the overall theme and exploit it in advertising. Are you more authentic than other ethnic restaurants? Are you more child-friendly than the other family restaurants? Do you have more entertainment than the other 'fun food' establishments? Instead of trying to promote your new restaurant as all things to everyone, concentrate on what makes you special- work on building a niche market of customers who prefer your style of food consistently.

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How to Become a Pilot

Become a Pilot on Your First Flight

1. Step 1
   Go to www.learntofly.com and type in your zip code. This will return a list of Cessna Pilot Centers near you. The majority of pilots today learned to fly in Cessna aircraft, so you will be in good company.
   
2. Step 2
   From the list, you can visit the individual flight centers in order to find location and pricing information. For instance, the Learn to Fly website will mail you a coupon for a 99 dollar introductory flight, but a quick search of a listed flight school revealed a 59 dollar introductory lesson.
   
3. Step 3
   Once you have found a flight school that is convenient to you, it is time to call and make an appointment for an introductory lesson. They usually have a special price, so be sure to ask for it.
   
4. Step 4
   Weather permitting, a company flight instructor will greet you and introduce you to a whole new world.
   

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Career Tips: How to become a bartender

So, you want to be a bartender? Looks like a lot of fun does it? You get to meet a whole lot of interesting people who will tell you all their problems and maybe look up to you as a superior being...maybe even fill your pockets with tips that'll make you rich...and you'll have this wonderful romantic job that you don't have to work at? I mean c'mon, it certainly isn't hard standing behind a bar mixing drinks all night...right?...WRONG!

Bartenders work extremely hard! Not only do you have to take care of the wait staff, keep the beer and liquor stock in check, keep the glasses clean, make sure everyone at the bar has what they need, watch out for the boss (he gets real cranky if his drinks aren't just right), make sure you don't serve someone who's underage or almost as bad...someone who's already way too drunk to be drinking any more, listen to yet another drunk guy talk about what a total loser he is or better yet...talk about what a loser his ex-girlfriend/wife was, and do all this with a smile on your face and always ready to listen and help some poor soul feel better about themselves (whew, that was a mouthful eh?...smile). If you don't stay happy and friendly all the time, guess what?...You really don't make any decent tips! If you've had a bad day...set it aside, get over it!...because if you don't, you'll never make it as a bartender.

It may not be all physical, but believe me, stress is just as demanding on your health. Trust me, this is one heck of a stressful job.

Is it fun? Yes, sometimes it is, but you shouldn't romanticize it. Bartending is a whole lot of work, and the amount of fun you'll have isn't enough to cover up the fact that you really will work harder than you think.

Will you meet a lot of interesting people? Yes, only most of them won't be the nice kind of interesting, most people get a personality change for the worse when they're drinking. For the second part of that question...will they look upon you as a superior being? Yes, some will...but remember, these people are in an altered state, and half won't even remember you the next day. If you keep that in mind, it can be somewhat of an ego boost regardless.

Will your tip jars be overflowing with cash? Nope, not unless you're willing to put up with a whole lot more than most people can take, and even then...you'll never make as much as you're truly worth if your a good bartender. Once most people get really drunk, they either forget to tip or they're too wasted to care.

How do you get in? Well, first of all...if you aren't a very easy going person...find something else, bartending isn't for you. If you think you have what it takes and your willing to basically baby-sit some very strange people...give it a try. Just don't go into thinking it's going to be all fun and games. It's hard work and extremely stressful, but also extremely satisfying at the end of the shift. You've been listening to people tell you all night what a wonderful person you are, so what if they won't remember it the next day...you will!

Once you've finally decided that you can handle all these bad points of bartending, start with the wait staff. This is where you can learn drink names and what's in them, watch the bartenders. They can show you how to layer drinks, teach you about what types of liquors and mixers go in the different mixed drinks, and how to interact with the customers on a bartending level. Believe me, there really is a difference between bartender and customer interaction as apposed to waitress/waiter and customer interaction. Pay attention, it's something you need to learn.

If you've been to bartending school, don't put it on your application. Honestly, there's no substitute for experience in a real bar.

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How to Be a Writer

Practice, Practice, Practice

1. Step 1
   Become a blog writer. Blog writing has quickly become a great way for new and experienced writers to keep doing what they love--writing! Also, some bloggers get sponsored and turn their hobby into a paid job.
   
2. Step 2
   Be a journal writer. Journal writing is a great way to practice organizing your thoughts without the added stress of trying to make up characters and events.
   
3. Step 3
   Be a email writer. Emails are opportunities to practice writing. Think about how your writing in emails expresses your personality. You can use similar styles when your write dialogue between characters.
   

Find Your Market

4. Step 1
   Decide what kind of writing you want to do.
   
5. Step 2
   Learn about what sells in your market. The best way to do this is by reading. If you are interested in mystery, pick up a couple of the most popular, recent mysteries. Figure out what makes a good mystery.
   
6. Step 3
   Figure out what kind of places would hire you and what kind of publishers would publish your work. The Writer's Market lists all of the publishers in America. It also gives tips on how to approach different publishers. If you want an office job, you can learn about different companies by looking on internet job boards.
   

Get in Through the Door

7. Step 1
   Introduce yourself to a couple publishers or companies. You can do this by asking someone you know to introduce you to an editor or by sending an email or letter.
   
8. Step 2
   Convince an editor that you and their company have the same goals. This only means that if a children's book publisher wants manuscripts that teach children right from wrong, you propose a book that discusses exactly what the publisher wants. This also means that you do not propose books or ideas the publisher does not want.
   
9. Step 3
   Consider getting an agent. This could help save you time on finding and courting the right market.
   

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Theater auditions: tips for success

Auditions can be nerve-wracking for the beginner. Have you ever watched someone give a wonderful audition and wonder how they did it? Well, a successful audition is easier than you think. It's a combination of confidence, skill, and smarts. Use the following eight tips to move your auditions to the next level, and wow audiences and judges alike:

1. Dress Appropriately

No one is going to consider you for anything unless your appearance is exceptional. Men, always wear your best clothes, and something that shows off your character. Women, skirts or fitted pants are kosher, while tight and revealing outfits are generally looked down upon. While it's important to get a sense of "who you are" across to the judges, it's also important to look classy at all times. Underneath everything, judges are looking for your character as an actor/actress. Therefore, if the character you are auditioning for is a street bum, wear a neat, edgy outfit that gives a sense of danger. If you are auditioning to play a prostitute, wear a sexy, well-covered dress, and so on.

2. Make Eye Contact

Unless you are auditioning for the role of a blind person, it is good to make eye contact with everyone, even the person who escorts you into the room. A confident look is preferable to an uncomfortable stare. Try to tell judges in your glance alone that you are more than capable of playing the part you'd like.

3. Prime Your Handshake

A good strong handshake, in any field, is a plus. Firm grips show that you are not afraid of much. A weak grip indicates uncertainty and nerves.

4. Watch Your Posture

Many people slouch into an audition with the air of apologizing before they have even performed. This will take points from your performance immediately. There is nothing worse than you yourself telling the judges that your performance needs to be apologized for. Throw your shoulders back and speak in a loud, unwavering voice. Practice this repeatedly on your friends, until it comes naturally.

5. Be Organized

Although actors usually stick with urban, bohemian looks, a classy hint of the professional world will give you a wonderful edge. Consider carrying a black leather binder with your resume and photo inside. Type up your performance experience before reaching the audition, then attach it to your biographical sheet, if one is provided.

6. Choose Repertoire Carefully

It's not uncommon for people to choose audition materials or roles that are out of their reach. Don't let yourself fall into the trap of singing something other than what you are suited for. Remember that many people usually audition for one role, and chances are they are suited to the kind of part they want. This tips the odds away from you. A carefully planned audition will impress even the most seasoned judges.

7. Keep a Poker Face

Just like in a card game, the less expression you show, the more respect you will get. There's something about an impassive face that leads watchers to assume the best. If you've done badly, don't give a single hint. You can't have any idea what judges are thinking, and if you indicate that you are not happy they will assume that you've badly as well. If you've done well, control your elation. No expression will indicate that this is a common thing.

8. Don't Look Back

Even if your audition was the most amazing audition in the world, walk away like you are used to that sort of thing. Don't thank judges excessively. Once you are finished performing, judges will be itching to put down notes of your performance on paper. Don't hold them up.

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Resume writing tips: listing volunteer and hobby experience

You’ve spent hours working at the local soup kitchen or perfecting your cello technique. Now that you’re searching for a job, you’re wondering if you can capitalize on these interests. In most cases, effectively listing volunteer and hobby activities on a resume is a matter of correctly wording and classifying your experiences.

Think carefully about your resume headings. Many people fall into the habit of listing work experience and volunteer experience as separate headings, with the volunteer experience falling to the bottom of the resume. Think of headings that would be more appropriate for the career you’re seeking. If you’re going into teaching, create a category of educational experience where you can place tutoring or mentoring alongside paying teaching jobs. If you’re going into accounting, creating an accounting experience section on your resume will allow for your time working on taxes for low-income seniors to be listed prominently while perhaps leaving out an unrelated part-time job. Thinking of your resume in this way will highlight your most relevant experiences and allow volunteering and hobbies to shine.

Never say volunteer or member when there is a specific job title you could use. Did you accomplish secretarial tasks? Then say you worked as an administrative assistant. Did you create an organization’s newsletters? Then play up your time as a desktop publisher. Don’t sell your experience short, but at the same time be honest about the extent of your work. If you called a business once to ask for a program ad, it’s not really fair to call yourself an advertising coordinator. If you built a lopsided shelf in your basement last week, you shouldn’t tout your carpentry skills.

Use details whenever possible. Contrast the power of saying, “Planned a fundraiser” with “Coordinated 35 volunteers to plan a fundraising event that drew 4,500 attendees and raised $30,000.” Would you rather hire someone who was a “member of the stamp collecting club” or someone who “served as president of a 40-member stamp collecting club, planning a statewide stamp exhibition?” Think back on all of the things you’ve accomplished and select the tasks and skills that will be most relevant to the job you’re currently seeking.

Another place where you can highlight volunteering and hobbies is in listings of skills. If considering them separately as work or industry-specific experience doesn’t seem appropriate, create a section on your resume where you list relevant skills. Computer program proficiency, leadership abilities, languages you speak, and communication skills are all possibilities. Again, consider the skills that will be most important to your potential employers.

In order to easily write your resume in the future, keep careful records while volunteering or doing hobby-related work. Create a notebook or spreadsheet record of specific tasks you accomplish, contact information and perhaps even reflections on your work. Ask for evaluations or letters of reference from your supervisors when appropriate. Keep samples of work that you accomplish such as newsletters or promotional materials. While providing concrete evidence to jog your memory when resume writing, these items will also help you build an impressive portfolio to carry along on the job search.

In the end, properly listing your volunteer and hobby experience will help you make the best presentation possible to any potential employer.

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How to Find a Fun Job

Everyone has worked his share of boring and unrewarding jobs. After a few years in a dull career, you may start to consider looking for a fun job. A fun job should be a profession that you find rewarding and also allows you to pay the bills.

Instructions

1.

Step 1

Consider your interests. A big part of finding a fun job is thinking about what type of career will make you happy. For example, if you love to travel, you could get a job as a travel agent. Party-lovers might consider a career as a wedding planner.

2.

Step 2

Take a career quiz. Career quizzes uses your strengths and interests to pair you up with a job that you are likely to find enjoyable. Career quizzes are available online and offered through campus career services.

3.

Step 3

Apply for jobs at places that have a fun atmosphere. An easy way to find a fun job is to look at the places that you consider entertaining. If there is a theme park or boardwalk in your area, look for a job there.

4.

Step 4

Get a job on a cruise ship. Working on a cruise ship is a lot of fun and it also gives you a chance to travel. Look on a cruise line's website to see which openings are currently available.

5.

Step 5

Look through the classifieds to find a fun job. Browse though your newspaper or an online job search engine to get an idea of what jobs appeal to you.

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