Interest in leadership increased during the early part of the twentieth century. Early leadership theories focused on what qualities distinguished between leaders and followers, while subsequent theories looked at other variables such as situational factors and skill levels. While many different leadership theories have emerged, most can be classified as one of eight major types:

1. "Great Man" Theories:
Great Man theories assume that the capacity for leadership is inherent – that great leaders are born, not made. These theories often portray great leaders as heroic, mythic and destined to rise to leadership when needed. The term "Great Man" was used because, at the time, leadership was thought of primarily as a male quality, especially in terms of military leadership.

2. Trait Theories:
Similar in some ways to "Great Man" theories, trait theories assume that people inherit certain qualities and traits that make them better suited to leadership. Trait theories often identify particular personality or behavioral characteristics shared by leaders. If particular traits are key features of leadership, then how do we explain people who possess those qualities but are not leaders? This question is one of the difficulties in using trait theories to explain leadership.

3. Contingency Theories:
Contingency theories of leadership focus on particular variables related to the environment that might determine which particular style of leadership is best suited for the situation. According to this theory, no leadership style is best in all situations. Success depends upon a number of variables, including the leadership style, qualities of the followers and aspects of the situation.

4. Situational Theories:
Situational theories propose that leaders choose the best course of action based upon situational variables. Different styles of leadership may be more appropriate for certain types of decision-making.

5. Behavioral Theories:
Behavioral theories of leadership are based upon the belief that great leaders are made, not born. Rooted in behaviorism, this leadership theory focuses on the actions of leaders not on mental qualities or internal states. According to this theory, people can learn to become leaders through teaching and observation.

6. Participative Theories:
Participative leadership theories suggest that the ideal leadership style is one that takes the input of others into account. These leaders encourage participation and contributions from group members and help group members feel more relevant and committed to the decision-making process. In participative theories, however, the leader retains the right to allow the input of others.

7. Management Theories:
Management theories (also known as "Transactional theories") focus on the role of supervision, organization and group performance. These theories base leadership on a system of rewards and punishments. Managerial theories are often used in business; when employees are successful, they are rewarded; when they fail, they are reprimanded or punished.

8. Relationship Theories:
Relationship theories (also known as "Transformational theories") focus upon the connections formed between leaders and followers. Transformational leaders motivate and inspire people by helping group members see the importance and higher good of the task. These leaders are focused on the performance of group members, but also want each person to fulfill his or her potential. Leaders with this style often have high ethical and moral standards.

By Kendra Cherry, About.com Guide

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Trik Efektif Menghadapi interview

Wawancara merupakan proses penting untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan. Berhasil tidaknya Anda mendapatkan Kerja salah satunya ditentukan oleh proses wawancara. Banyak mereka yang mempunyai kemampuan diatas rata-rata atau genius, tetapi gagal dalam proses ini. Sikap dan karakter diri Anda, kematangan Anda dalam berfikir, atau bahkan persiapan yang Anda lakukan untuk menghadapi wawancara secara langsung akan mempengaruhi hasil dari wawancara. Berikut trik super efektif dalam menghadapi wawancara, baik wawancara pertama Anda maupun bagi Anda yang sudah sering melakukan wawancara.

1. Tiba lebih awal. Rencanakan untuk tiba lebih awal dari jadwal yang telah ditentukan. Dengan waktu yang masih tersisa sebelum wawancara, Anda dapat gunakannya untuk mengatur emosi, mengontrol stres yang tidak perlu, mengumpulkan pikiran agar tetap fokus, dan menyempurnakan persiapan Anda lainnya seperti pakaian dan make up Anda.

2. Jabat tangan interviewer dengan tegas dan biarkan interviewer memulai pembicaraan. Saat Anda bertemu dengan interviewer , pandanglah kedua matanya dan jabatlah tangannya dengan tegas. Interviewer akan mengetahui karakter Anda melalui cara Anda berjabat tangan. Berikan kesempatan kepada interviewer untuk memulai pembicaraan. Misalnya menanyakan nama Anda, menjelaskan tugas Anda, dan posisi Anda. Hal ini akan memberikan kempatan kepada Anda untuk mencerna informasi dari interviewer.

3. Berikan jawaban yang singkat dan jelas. Dalam sebuah wawancara ada beberapa pertanyaan kunci yang sebaiknya Anda jawab dengan singkat namun jelas. Contohnya “Apa yang menjadi alasan Anda untuk hengkang dari perusahaan sebelumnya?”, “Apa yang menjadi kelebihan dan kekurangan Anda?”, “Kesalahan apa yang pernah Anda perbuat dan bagaimana mengatasinya?” dan sebagainya. Usahakan Anda menjawab semua pertanyaan yang diberikan sesuai dengan jalur dan jangan memberikan jawaban yang akan menimbulkan pertanyaan baru atau membingungkan interviewer.

4. Aktif dalam percakapan. Ciptakan hubungan yang akrab dengan interviewer dan ajukan pertanyaan yang berhubungan dengan lowongan kerja yang Anda lamar. Misalnya peraturan perusahaan, kebijaksanaan perusahaan yang Anda dapatkan jika diterima untuk bekerja (Jamsostek, tunjangan hari raya, dll).

5. Tetap rendah hati. Walaupun Anda sudah cukup berpengalaman, terapkanlah sikap rendah hati. Jangan sampai Anda meremehkan persyaratan dan pertanyaan yang diberikan oleh interviewer. Jawab pertanyaan dengan senyuman dan jawaban yang mengesankan. Sikap rendah hati akan sangat disukai walaupun Anda sudah mempunyai segudang pengalaman kerja karena hal inilah yang mencerminkan sikap Anda nantinya jika Anda diterima untuk bekerja.

6. Perlihatkan minat dan semangat. Ekspresi wajah Anda akan sangat berpengaruh pada kesan interviewer terhadap Anda. Ekspresi yang monoton tidak akan membuat interviewer berminat dan yakin akan kemampuan Anda. Cerikan tentang pengalaman yang telah anda jalani dengan ekspresi yang bersemangat dan yakinkan interviewer bahwa Anda akan sukses melakukan pekerjaan yang baru nantinya berkat pengalaman dimasa lalu.

7. Menetapkan harapan Anda. Pada umumnya, sebelum dilakukannya wawancara Anda diharuskan mengisi formulir interview yang berisikan informasi tambahan yang dibutuhkan oleh perusahaan untuk menyeleksi kandidatnya, termasuk salary dan fasilitas yang diharapkan. Jangan mematok harga yang tidak rasional. Lebih bijak jika Anda megukur terlebih dahulu kemampuan Anda bukan mengikuti keinginan Anda, lalu simpulkan seberapa layak Anda mendapatkan salary dan fasilitas jika Anda diterima untuk bekerja di perusahaan tersebut. Jangan lupa untuk mencari informasi standard salary perusahaan dari karyawan, internet dan beberapa buku panduan lainnya. Contohnya, untuk standar gaji lulusan S1, D3, SMA sederajat dan sebagainya. Lebih banyak informasi yang Anda dapatkan akan lebih mematangkan persiapan Anda untuk wawancara.

8. Jangan menceritakan kelemahan perusahaan sebelumnya. Ada beberapa interviewer yang memancing peserta wawancara untuk mencari selah agar Anda mencerikan kelemahan perusahaan dimana Anda bekerja sebelumnya. Hindari menceritakan kelemahan perusahaan, atasan bahkan lingkungan kerja Anda sebelumnya. Ada beberapa asumsi dari sang interviewer jika Anda terpancing dengan pertanyaan ini “Jika Anda mengundurkan diri dari perusahaannya, akan sangat memungkinkan jika Anda juga akan menceritakan kelemahan perusahaannya” Agar tidak terpancing dengan tipe pertanyaan seperti ini, persiapkanlah jawaban Anda sebelum menghadapi wawancara. Ingat, Bukan berarti Anda harus berbohong untuk menutupi kelemahan perusahaan sebelumnya. Intinya buatlah jawaban yang sekreatif mungkin dan tidak manipulatif.

9. Ucapkan terima kasih dan follow up. Setelah wawancara selesai jangan lupa ucapkan terima kasih pada interviewer karena Anda telah diberikan kesempatan untuk wawancara meskipun Anda nantinya tidak diterima bekerja di perusahaan tersebut atau tidak tertarik pada pekerjaaan tersebut. Dan jangan lupa untuk follow up, sejauh mana hasil dari wawancara. Anda bisa menghubungi perusahaan untuk menanyakan hasil wawancara.

Anda harus berjiwa besar jika Anda tidak diterima untuk bekerja, tetapi setidaknya Anda mendapatkan pengalaman dan ilmu dari wawancara tersebut, sehingga Anda akan mempunyai gambaran dan dapat mengantisipasi apa yang akan terjadi dikemudian hari jika Anda menghadapi wawancara.

Remember ! Kegagalan adalah proses dari pembelajaran.

Kesuksesan Berawal Dari Pikiran

Pernahkah terbesit dalam benak Anda bahwa beberapa rekan Anda memiliki perjalanan karir atau pekerjaan yang demikian mulus dan nyaris tanpa hambatan? Sementara beberapa rekan lainnya atau mungkin diri Anda sendiri untuk bisa bertahan diposisi saat ini pun membutuhkan usaha ekstra.

Setiap orang berhak sukses, termasuk Anda. Namun jika hingga kini Anda merasa belum sukses, sebabnya mungkin karena Anda tidak percaya. Sangat penting bagi Anda untuk bisa meyakinkan diri sendiri bahwa Anda bisa mencapai kesuksesan itu. Pertanyaannya adalah mengapa banyak orang yang gagal? Sebetulnya apa yang menghambat orang meraih sukses?

Untuk mencapai kesuksesan dalam karir, seseorang juga membutuhkan sesuatu yang bernama believe atau kepercayaan. Kebanyakan orang justru tidak memiliki kepercayaan kalau mereka dapat menjadi orang sukses, dan pada akhirnya mereka gagal karena diri mereka sendiri. Anda memilih bersikap gagal, maka Anda akan gagal. Sebaliknya, jika Anda percaya bisa meraih kesuksesan, maka hasilnya Anda akan sukses.

Berikut beberapa hal yang dapat membantu Anda untuk mendapatkan kesuksesan:

1. Change your mindset. Apa yang terjadi dalam hidup Anda merupakan refleksi dari pikiran Anda. Pikirkan hal-hal positif yang akan terjadi pada diri Anda. Visualisasikan diri Anda memiliki hal yang paling Anda inginkan saat ini dan yakinkan diri Anda bahwa Anda akan mencapainya. Saat Anda membayangkan mendapatkan hal yang terbaik, maka Anda sudah berhasil meraihnya. Yang perlu dilakukan tinggal mewujudkannya dengan usaha dan kerja keras. Sebab apa yang dipikirkan dan diimpikan tampa usaha dan kerja keras untuk mewujudkanya Anda tidak akan meraih kesuksesan itu.

2. Temukan “harta karun” dalam diri Anda. Sering kali kita tidak memiliki keyakinan dalam diri. Luangkanlah waktu sejenak untuk memahami pikiran Anda. Evaluasi kehidupan yang Anda miliki. Sangat mungkin Anda akan menemukan sesuatu yang sangat berharga dan banyak yang akan Anda raih dalam hidup.

3. Pahami “kehebatan” Anda. Dengan memahami apa yang menjadi keahlian atau kelebihan Anda sendiri, secara otomatis kepercayaan diri akan meningkat. Bahkan Anda akan melihat hal-hal yang tidak pernah Anda bayangkan sebelumnya. Itu artinya Anda telah membangun sesuatu dalam diri Anda yang selama ini tidak pernah Anda sadari sebelumnya. Jika Anda tidak memiliki keyakinan, maka Anda akan berhenti berkembang dan akan menjadi seseorang yang lemah.

4. Pelajari kelemahan Anda. Setiap individu mempunyai hal yang membuatnya lemah terhadap bidang tertentu. Jadikan kelemahan tersebut menjadi kekuatan Anda. Manfaatkan setiap momentum untuk mulai menggantungkan diri pada diri Anda sendiri, bukan pada orang lain atau faktor luar. Tetap jaga pikiran dan keyakinan Anda kepada hal-hal yang postif, karena dengan pikiran dan keyakinan inilah yang akan bisa memotivasi diri untuk meraihnya.

5. Jangan putus asa. Jika Anda gagal meraih sesuatu, jangan lantas mundur. Jadikan ini sebuah pelajaran dan tantangan, yakin bahwa suatu hari nanti Anda bisa meraihnya. Sesederhana itu meraih sebuah kesuksesan, membayangkan dan diimbangi dengan usaha dan kerja keras untuk membuat nyata.

Untuk menjadi seorang pemenang, Anda bisa memulainya dengan mengarahkan pikiran dan keyakinan Anda kepada hal yang positif. Yakinkan diri Anda bahwa Anda bisa mendapatkan Apa yang diinginkan dalam karir Anda.

Remember! Segala sesuatu yang ada di atas muka bumi ini pada umumnya sudah ada dalam pikiran manusia sebelumnya. So, hati-hatilah dalam berfikir.

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Lowongan kerja Telco - Logistic Specialist

Incorporated in 1988, Huawei Technologies is a private high-tech enterprise headquartered in Shenzhen, China. Huawei is a leader in providing customized products and solutions to telecommunications operators around the world. Our range of communications network solutions includes wireless, fixed line, optical, datacom, applications and software, handsets and wireless terminals. Having deployed products to more than 300 operators in over 100 countries globally, we take in pride in knowing that we serve 28 of the world's top 50 operators.

Huawei currently has 8 regional headquarters and 85 branch offices worldwide with staff strength of 61,000 people. Thus, in line of our rapid growth, we seek high caliber individuals to join us for mutual development employment.

Lowongan kerja Telco - Logistic Specialist

Responsibilitiesof the job:

• Analyze customs policy, import regulations,& favorable policies of particular assign country.
• Formulate a secure, efficient and cost-effective import & export solution and ensure smooth implementation
• Responsible for the accuracy, security of inventory, and warehousing management
• Keep track of international shipping and documents preparation to ensure the on-time arrival of shipments
• Responsible for local distribution to ensure timely, secure & efficient delivery with low cost
• Managing the inventory data vas CES system (for CES)
• Processing the expense invoice for Logistic Service Provider (for Expenses)

Requirements of the job:

• Bachelor’s degree or above
• 1-2 years experience within related field, especially from Telco Industry
• Overseas working experience is preferred
• Familiar with customs clearance and international logistic procedures
• Willing to be travel around Indonesia and outside
• Proficient written & verbal in English and Mandarin is required.

Untuk informasi lebih lengkap dan langsung melamar click disini...

Be focused and be focused

I forget what was behind me and set yourself up to what is in front of me. "

According to research, there are only about 11% of people in this world who are naturally able to be focused. The rest tend to be easily influenced and often are not persistent in its original purpose.

Maybe there are people who have a strong determination, but was less diligent. There is also a diligent but unfortunately easily influenced. There are even people who are very flamboyant, which is easy to switch attention, and quickly turned their attention to new things.

A divided attention to thwart the achievement of goals. Without consciously delayed the achievement of targets, experiencing stagnation, or even could deviate from its original destination. Not a favorable situation for an employee like you.

What are the barriers to stay focused?

1. Loss of motivation.
There is a true story about a man who lost motivation. He was very clever to get a master's scholarship abroad even nominated as a doctoral candidate. But after a study was rejected by the lecturer, he became frustrated, lose motivation and fail to stay focused with his ideals of employment. Experienced prolonged stress lead to mental disorders. Truly tragic, eventually he was found dead due to diarrhea after days locked herself in her room.

2. Easily influenced.
Humans have a pair of eyes, but only one focus. That's the miracle of creation. Imagine if each eye has its own focus or biased views. Like the facets of insect eyes that have a lot of reflection. You will be walking to and fro and hit a wall because of the influence of earlier views. It would be difficult to complete something to its conclusion if you lose focus. Only about 20% of the things within the person that affect focus, the rest is external influence.


3. Less diligent.
Persistent attitude is a combination of persistence and perseverance. Many things can make perseverance and focus is lost. Bored, bored with routine even always in a comfort zone or a sense of complacency, often making the focus becomes blurred. Because humans tend to chase you want is not that supposed to be achieved. You often get stuck on the process and not being consistent in the goals to be achieved. Losing focus also means wasting a lot of time and opportunity that is before you.


Train yourself to be focused


1. Develop self-mastery.
In the military world, sniper is a sniper. They are usually assigned to a special operation which requires skill to shoot in secret. With a target, once the shot must be well targeted. The main thing for the sniper is focused, has a maximum concentration and self-control of the prime. Directing a view on the target and ignore the things that can distract. Similarly, in carrying out your work, discipline and self-control make you focused and efficient in completing the work.

2. Developing perseverance.
Know the history of Abraham Lincoln. Failure after failure does not make him give up and lose the goal. The peak in 1832 when he became an unemployed. But the high spirits and perseverance to be able to devote themselves to nation and country, making it finally managed to elect as president of the United States in 1860. A strong desire to create his own chances. Perseverance will find its way in the end. That focus on the target.

3. Making the target achievement.
What are the goals you want to achieve? Make plans and targets for achieving goals can be achieved with more efficient and effective. Targets are the steps to the achievement of objectives in a focused and measurable. Make target spur you to stay focused on the target. Focused attitude held by the winning works, all the people who succeed and become experts in their fields. Focus is the bridge to success in your career.

Words of Wisdom
Goal is to determine what we will become.

Working Abroad, Why Not? (part 1)

Employment, job, jobs

The increasing of fuel price gives significant effect for every side of life. Rising expenditure items, while postal revenue is still in place. To meet the needs of an increasingly jumped, looking for additional income could be one option. Another option that can also be considered is working abroad.

The main attraction working abroad is the amount of salary that can reach multiple times. Starting life in a new place with different atmosphere and culture also become one of the attractions are working abroad.

Every year the Indonesian labor force working abroad reached about 700,000 people, spread across 11 countries. This amount is expected to grow to 1 million people per year, spread over 25 countries worldwide. 70% of workers who work abroad are more unskilled workers. But that does not mean there is no opportunity for skilled workers to work abroad.

Based on the level of need that requires at most state workers from Indonesia are Malaysia, Australia, European countries and Japan. Other countries that require manpower medium to high-skilled are Qatar, New Zealand, Portugal, Canada, South Korea, Spain, and other Western European countries.

While industries that require workers from Indonesia are the manufacturing, plantation, construction, hospitality and tourism, oil and gas, shipping and medical health care.

But of course not easy to work abroad. Determination of physical and mental readiness is not enough. There are many factors you should consider before deciding to leave your current job, packed his suitcase and bring the whole family to a new country.

First steps towards building an effective work environment

By valeska.wordpress.com

Jobs Indonesia, Careers, Indonesia Vacancy

Companies normally turn to team building, training, arguments, and many more techniques in attempt to resolve internal conflict.

However, people make decisions based on judgment. How will this benefit me? Am I wasting my time? Why am I being sucked into doing someone else’s job?

There are many principles as to how decisions are made and what motivates people. However, by having a clear understanding of how the business process is supposed to flow within an organization greatly diminishes staff placing the responsibility on someone else.

You may find your team frustrated and complaining. You may experience an increase in project delays. Sometimes upper management feels they need to dictate to colleagues “how things should be,” but this management syle only creates barriers from receiving honest insight from your colleagues and increases defensiveness. Creating a system that allows colleagues to pose “solutions” with their team will instill a behavior that allows them to continuously strive to find the best ways to work together.

Business Rule Tip!

a) If you have an intranet system or an internal blog, create a folder where everyone is allowed to contribute “solutions.” Anytime someone has a complaint or wants to criticize how things are done, they should pose a “solution” to proactively show an alternative way to deal with the issue. Encourage your team to provide useful suggestions on ways to improve “our” company efficiencies and an overall smoother operation. Important to explain how each suggestion must have a purpose, focus and clear communication as to the “why” and “what” you are trying to accomplish. This will increase “buy in” and prevent staff from taking these new suggestions personally. Please note: It is very important for senior managers to review these suggestions on a bi-weekly or monthly basis to enforce policies. If months pass before decisions are made, suggestions will decrease, while frustration increases.

Analyzing said suggestions from your colleagues will help to reveal “real problems”, and most likely reasonable solutions to those problems.

I have a question for you: how many times does upper management make decisions without asking those who are involved in the day-to-day activities?

Fixes made without asking those who are involved will negatively affect other processes further down the project cycle.

Business Rule Tip!

a) It is important to understand how each process affects another function within the work environment. Learning “Process Mapping” will help you to see how one activity affects another and reveal where there are areas of opportunity for process improvement. By demonstrating to your team how each activity supports the other, colleagues will begin to understand how each player contributes to the team as a whole.

The work environment is a GROUP effort. By cultivating this change in thinking amongst your players, they will better understand how their strengths benefit others. By creating a supportive network, colleagues will understand who to go to for help. By maximizing each other’s strengths, the synergy amongst all will allow the company to propel forward.

Business Rule Tip!

a) Build Trust. By creating an environment where each individual understands they are all part of a team and helping one another professionally, trust occurs. Reach out to others when asked for guidance. Practice good communication. When conflict occurs, teams who have trust tend to quickly overcome conflicts in order to move on with business goals.

b) Compassion, Respect, and Patience breeds response. Relating to each other’s unique qualities and job positions during high levels of stress will create quicker turn around on your business goals. An interesting article that reinforces this methodology is called: The Power of Nice.